How do Christians understand the concept of total depravity?

Total depravity, a key element of the TULIP acronym representing Reformed theology, asserts that sin has permeated every aspect of human existence—mind, will, and emotions—making individuals incapable of coming to God without divine intervention. Romans 3:10-12 states, 'None is righteous, no, not one; no one understands; no one seeks for God,' emphasizing man's complete inability to seek God on their own due to the pervasive nature of sin. This doctrine highlights the necessity of God's grace in regeneration, wherein God illuminates the hearts of the chosen, enabling them to respond to the Gospel. Without understanding total depravity, one cannot fully appreciate the magnitude of grace and divine sovereignty in salvation.