How do we know papal infallibility is false?

Papal infallibility, the doctrine that the Pope is incapable of error when pronouncing on matters of faith and morals, stands in stark contrast to the Reformed principle of sola scriptura, which asserts that Scripture alone is the ultimate authority. This doctrine was formally proclaimed at the First Vatican Council in 1870, yet it lacks a biblical foundation. Scriptures, such as 2 Timothy 3:16-17, affirm that the inspired Word of God is all-sufficient for teaching, reproof, correction, and training in righteousness. Furthermore, the history of the Church reveals numerous instances where Popes have erred both morally and doctrinally, undermining the claim of infallibility. The Reformed tradition emphasizes that no man, including the Pope, possesses the authority to dictate doctrine or require allegiance as a prerequisite for salvation beyond faith in Jesus Christ.