What does Romans 9 teach about human effort in salvation?

In Romans 9, Paul addresses a crucial misunderstanding regarding salvation—namely, that it relies on human effort. He emphatically states, 'It is not of him that willeth, nor of him that runneth, but of God that showeth mercy' (Romans 9:16). This statement highlights that our salvation does not depend on our choices or actions, but rather on God's sovereign will. Additionally, Paul illustrates this with the example of the twins, Jacob and Esau, where God's purpose of election occurs irrespective of their actions, signaling that salvation is not a matter of human merit. Thus, understanding this doctrine provides assurance that our standing with God is rooted in His mercy alone, freeing us from the burden of trying to earn salvation.