First Chronicles chapter 29. At the dedication of the house
of God. First Chronicles 29 verse 10. Wherefore David blessed the Lord
before all the congregation, and David said, blessed be thou,
Lord God of Israel, our father, forever and ever. Thine, O Lord,
is the greatness, and the power, and the glory, and the victory,
and the majesty. For all that is in the heaven
and in the earth is thine. Thine is the kingdom, O Lord,
and thou art exalted as head above all. Both riches and honor
come of thee, and thou reignest over all. And in thine hand is
power and might. and in thine hand it is to make
great and to give strength unto all. Now therefore, our God,
we thank thee and praise thy glorious name. But who am I and
what is my people that we should be able to offer so willingly
after this sort? For all things come of thee and
of thine own have we given thee, for we are strangers before thee
and sojourners, as were all our fathers. Our days on the earth
are as a shadow, and there is none abiding. O Lord, our God,
all this store that we have prepared to build thee in house, for thine
holy name cometh of thine hand, and it is all thine own. I know also, my God, that thou
triest the heart, and hast pleasure in uprightness, As for me, in
the uprightness of my heart, I have willingly offered all
these things, and now have I seen with joy thy people, which are
present here, to offer willingly unto thee. O Lord God of Abraham,
Isaac, and of Israel, our fathers, keep this forever in the imagination
of the thoughts of the heart of thy people, and prepare their
heart unto thee. and give unto Solomon my son
a perfect heart to keep thy commandments, thy testimonies, and thy statutes,
and to do all these things, and to build the place for the which
I have made provision. And David said to all the congregation,
now bless the Lord your God. And all the congregation blessed
the Lord God of their fathers, and bowed down their heads, and
worshiped the Lord and the King. Let us pray. It is a great joy to be here,
and that's all I'll say about that. Before it gets hot, I will
try to preach a little bit. So turn with me to my text if
you have your Bibles, and I trust you do, to 1 Peter chapter 2.
the epistle of 1 Peter in chapter 2. Peter, there in verse 18,
began to instruct these servants. And most say those were slaves. Most of, when you see this word
servant in the New Testament, they say most of those were slaves,
a lot of slaves in the Roman Empire in these days. And the
Lord had converted a lot of them, saved a lot of slaves. And Peter
was instructing them to be subject to their masters and suffer,
you know, suffer for Christ's sake. Even to those who mistreat
you, maybe whip you and they own you, but be faithful when
you suffer, be faithful. And he goes on to tell them in
verse 20, what glory is it if when you be buffeted for your
faults, you shall take it patiently. But if when you do well, you
suffer for it and take it patiently, This is acceptable to God, for
even here unto where you call, because Christ also suffered
for us, leaving us an example that we should follow His steps.
Christ was an example in His suffering. He was obedient, never
lashed out at those who falsely accused Him, never threatened
them when they beat Him. He took it very patiently, committed
Himself to His Creator and His Father. And the Lord Jesus gives
instructions for us to do that. And I bet you this really went
home to Peter's heart while he was writing this, that Christ
suffered for us. Because he was there that night,
wasn't he? And you remember what he did. I don't even know that
man. And now he comes here and says
he was an example for us in his suffering. Tell that must have
burned in his heart, you know. Let us suffer willingly because
Christ suffered willingly. He's an example for us to suffer. I wish I could meet one dear
saint, one dear heaven-born child that the Lord saves and carries
him through this world without any problems, without any troubles,
but I've never met the first one. Everybody I've met is having
trouble. All the children of God have
trouble. Be patient and suffer as our Savior has suffered. He's
our example. In verse 22, He did no sin. He
couldn't sin. Neither was any guile found in
his mouth because no guile was found in his heart. Who, when
he was reviled, reviled not again. When he suffered, he threatened
not, but committed himself to him that judge us righteous.
He is our example in suffering. But now in verse 24, he's going
to tell us something in which he's not our example. He's not
our example here in verse 24. Who his own self, bear our sins
in his own body on the tree. that we being dead to sins should
live unto righteousness. By whose stripes you're healed. For you were a sheep gone astray,
but are now returned into the shepherd and bishop of your souls. He bare our sins in his own body. And he's the only one that could
do that. We cannot do that. If God marks one iniquity against
us, then we're gone forever. We're guilty before God. He is
the only one that can do that for us. Stand in our room, as
Brother Scott used to say, in our stead and suffer for us. He bore our sins. Some say this
means He bore the punishment for our sins. Well, it means
that. It certainly means He bore the punishment for our sins,
but the text says more than that, doesn't it? He bore our sins
in His own body on the tree. I read where one commentator
said it's impossible for one man to bear another man's sin.
He said it's impossible to transfer sins from one man to another.
It's impossible with man to do that, but not with God. If He
leaves our sins on us, we die. So He must take our sins from
us, which He can, because He's God. He must put them upon His
Son, and His Son must receive them, which He lovingly did.
And if He does that and suffers, then you and I are free from
sin. I want us to look at a few things concerning this verse
tonight. And even though it's a joyful
passage of scripture, I tell you, I tremble in my soul just
to try to say I want to try to preach from this text. It's just
wonderful. It's mysterious. And when I sit
down and you say, Bruce, you could have brought out more,
I could have brought out more. Every preacher here could preach
on this. And we all would have said, you
all could have brought out more. This is too full. We'll never
search out the depths of this one passage of scripture. My
first point is this, and I think this is so important, and that
is the transference of sin. I think it's a vital branch of
the gospel, the transference of sins. This is not typical. This is not a figure. It's not
a shadow. This is real. Now, I want you
to hold this text, but I want you to turn with me to Leviticus
chapter 16, if you would. Leviticus chapter 16 and verse 5. I want to show you,
even in types and shadows, the transference of sin was spoken
about. in the Old Testament in these
figures and types and shadows and pictures. On the Day of Atonement,
you remember the two goats? To make a long story short, they
took two goats. The priest was to kill one goat,
offer him as an offering for the Lord. He was to take the
other goat, put sins upon his head, and turn him loose into
the wilderness. But I want you to read this because this is
very important. It's the foreshadowing of what
Jesus Christ actually did. I want you to look at it in verse
5. He shall take of the congregation
of the children of Israel, that is the high priest, two goats,
two kids of the goats, for a sin offering, and one ram for a burn
offering. And Aaron shall offer the bullock
of the sin offering, which is for himself, to make an atonement
for himself and for his house. And he shall take the two goats
and present them before the Lord at the door of the tabernacle
of the congregation. And Aaron shall cast lots upon
the two goats, one lot for the Lord and the other lot for the
scapegoat. And Aaron shall bring the goat
upon which the Lord's lot fell and offer him for his sin offering. But the goat on which the lot
fell to be the scapegoat shall be presented alive before the
Lord to make an atonement with him and to let him go for a scapegoat
into the wilderness. Now look in verse 21, this is
how they did this. And Aaron shall lay both his
hands upon the head of the live goat and confess over him all
the iniquities of the children of Israel and all their transgressions
and all their sins." Look at this, "...putting them upon the
head of the goat, and shall send him away by the hand of a fit
man unto the wilderness. And the goat shall bear upon
him all their iniquities unto a land not inhabited, and he
shall let go the goat in the wilderness." And then in verse
29, "...and this shall be a statue for ever unto you, that in the
seventh month On the tenth day of the month, you shall humble
your souls and do no work at all, whether it be one of your
own country or a stranger that sojourns among you. For on that
day shall the priest make an atonement for you to cleanse
you, that you may be cleaned from all your sins before the
Lord." Now, he did this in the Old Testament. as a picture,
as a shadow, as a figure of what was actually going to take place
when the Lord Jesus Christ hung upon the cross of Calvary. Transference
of sins. He foreshadowed that already. You find this in prophecy. Listen
to Isaiah chapter 53. In this one chapter, we're told
three times that the Son of God in our humanity bears sin. three times in one chapter. Listen
to Isaiah chapter 53 and verse 6. All we like sheep have gone
astray, we have turned every one to his own way, and the Lord
hath laid on him the iniquity of us all. Listen to verse 11,
God shall see of the travail of his soul and shall be satisfied
by his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify many for he shall
bear their iniquity. That's the same word that Peter
used. He bore our sins in His own body. Listen to verse 12
of that chapter. He was numbered with the transgressors
and He bore the sins of many. Now that was a prophecy of what
He was going to do when He came. It wasn't figurative. It was
real. Reality. And then you come to
the New Testament and listen to Hebrews chapter 9 and verse
28. We have the same thing. So Christ was once offered to
bear the sins of many." And then our text has, He bare our sins
in His own body on the tree. He bare our sins. So the transfer of sins has been
taught even from the beginning of the scriptures. It was taught
in shadows and figures and types. It was taught in prophecy and
then it was taught actually in the New Testament. Peter said,
there He hangs on the cross bearing are sins. I think that's a vital
branch of the gospel, that sin can indeed be transferred. My
second point is this, where did he bear those sins? Where did
he bear those sins? The scripture says here, in his
own body, in his own body on the tree, in his own body. This
is one of the deepest mysteries, this is one of the most mysterious
things. And I tell you why, this is one
mystery, brothers and sisters, to this is because sin, I almost
said it's one of the most defiling, it's the only thing that defiles.
One sin from one man defiled the whole human race. Sin in
the heart defiles the whole man. It's the most defiling thing.
It's the only defiling thing in this world. And here's the
amazing thing about this. Jesus Christ, the Son of God,
took our sins in His own body with all of its defiling nature,
all of the corruption, all the guilt. All the shame of it. Everything that belongs to sin.
You can't take sin without taking all of its consequences. And
in that body, he took sin. And here's the mystery of it.
And you could ask me some questions about this, I don't understand,
but here's the mystery of it. In his humanity, as well as his
divinity, he took sin with all of its awful defiling consequences
into his body, and yet it did not defile him. Isn't that amazing? And we know it didn't defile
him for this reason. When he was in the tomb, he said
to his father, my flesh is going to rest in hope, for you will
not suffer your holy one to see corruption. He took this defiling
sin, mountains of sin, into his own body, and he never ceased
to be what he always was. Holy, a holy body. Isn't that
a mystery? I've often said this, you look
at Christ from one direction, you see nothing but sin. You
see nothing but corruption. You see nothing but death and
the curse and wrath. And you look at him from another
direction, there he is in his holiness, in his justice, in
his purity. He offered himself without spot
to God. He cannot change. Sin could not
change his essential nature. That's amazing, is it not? He
took original sin, he took actual sins in his own holy body, and
it did not touch or change his holy nature, his holy being. He's the same yesterday, today,
and forever. Where did he bear these sins?
In his own body. When did he bear these sins?
That's my third point. He bore them one time. Almost
2,000 years ago now, he bore them one time. outside the old
city walls of Jerusalem on the cross. He bare our sins in his
own body on the tree. Now I know, I know there's some
good men, godly men, good preachers, better preachers than I am, don't
believe that statement that I just made. Brother Spurgeon, I love
him dearly. He's the prince of preachers
in my eyes. But he believes that Christ, when he was born and
all the days of his life, he bare our sins. And on the cross
he actually consummated, he took those sins and nailed them there
to his cross. I love Spurgeon, I just don't
agree with him on that point. I read where one man said Christ
began to bear our sins in the Garden of Gethsemane. I read
another man said that he bore our sins, he began to bear them
in the Judgment Hall. Whether it's he bore them all
of his life or where he began in the Garden or at the Judgment
Hall, there he hangs on the cross and our sins are in his body. I like Brother Scott's statement.
Here's what Brother Scott said about it. He said, Christ bare
sins one time and one place, and no other time and no other
place. Not in the garden, not at the
judgment, but on the cross of Calvary. I like that, don't you?
That's just my understanding. The Lord Jesus never actually
bare our sins. until he went to the cross, and
thereís where God Almighty, as only God can do, gather up all
the sins of all His people where they were hiding, in every crack,
in every crevice, He gathered them up, He bundled them up,
and He put them in the body of His Son, Jesus Christ, and there
He bore those sins to the cross of Calvary. Ainít that wonderful?
Let me say something about this word, bear our sins. The word
means to take up and to carry. He took up the load of our sins
and he carried them in his body on the tree. You know one of
the ways that we know he did that? Not just because the Bible
tells us he did it, but look at him. Look at his appearance.
He bore the marks. You can't see the sin in his
body. That was hid from our eyes. But
look at the tokens, look at the evidence, look how it was manifested. What was it with his black eyes? What was it with the beard plucked
from his face? What was the blood dripping from
his scarred brow? Go around behind him and look
at the furrows deep in his back, the whites of the bones appearing.
What about the scars in his hand and the scars in his feet and
the hole to be soon in his side? What are these? Those are tokens. Those are evidences that he was
bruised for our iniquities. He was wounded for our transgressions. God was smiting him, man was
smiting him. But that would have never happened,
brothers and sisters, if our sins had not been laid upon him. If he was not bearing our sin.
They tried that before and he said, my hour has not yet come.
You can have me. You can put the whip to my back.
You can pluck the hair from my beard. But only when it's time.
And look up on the cross. at the stripes and the wounds
and the bruises and the scars. And that's tokens of what he
had in his body, our sins. In his own body on the tree,
he bare them, he bare the weight of them. He said this, my iniquities
are going over my head as an heavy burden. They are too heavy
for me. How many did he burn? I've often
used this as a little illustration to show how many sins I've committed
in my life. I've often said if I stood on
the East Coast, go all the way over the East Coast of Virginia,
and start walking one step at a time to the West Coast out
in San Diego somewhere, and every time I took a step, I confessed
my sin, I'd run out of room before I'd run out of sins to confess.
My sins against God, my sins against Christ, my sins against
the Holy Spirit, my sins against the law, the gospel, God's people,
God's ways, willful sins, ignorant sins, all kinds of sins. And he bears the load of it in
his own body. And you see the scars of it.
I bury in my body the marks. And you know he still got them
today, yes. That's why he's a lamb. John saw him a lamb slain. He
saw the prince. He saw the whole. I was reading
where one of the commentators said, there's no doubt. He said,
When redemption's work is finished and the saints are risen and
the judgments passed, that Christ will lose the scars in his hand
and the hole in his eye. No doubt. Why would he lose the
scars? He might as well lose his humanity.
Why lose these things that bring glory to his name and cause such
rejoicing in heaven? Brothers and sisters, he will
always appear to his saints in heaven as the Lamb slain. No, he'll never lose those scars. That's his redeeming glory, isn't
it? It is. He bare our sins. He bare the
weight of them in his own body. Notice fifthly this. Notice how
the Holy Spirit emphasizes the one who bare our sins in his
own body on the tree. Notice this. This is amazing
in itself. Who his own self. Ain't that a strange way of speaking?
Try talking about yours. Write somebody a letter and use
this to describe yourself. Who His own self. Three pronouns and an adjective
to describe this person. And you know why he does that?
He's indescribable. He is indescribable. How do you
describe him? One of our Sunday school teachers
was going through John's Gospel, and he finished, he was going
through the first chapter of John, and he brought out, and
you can go over there sometime to read this. In the first chapter
of John, the Lord Jesus Christ goes under 15 different titles. The Word, God, the Lamb of God,
the Son of Man, Christ, the Messiah. He just goes 15 titles. He's such a glorious person.
You can't describe Him, can you? They couldn't describe Him in
the Hebrew language. They couldn't tell all the glory
of His person in the Latin or the Greek, and we can't do it
in the English. That's how glorious He is. That's
why Peter said to you that believe He's precious. He's so precious,
you can't describe how precious He is. his own self. Peter goes ahead here in verse
25, look how he describes him here, he calls him the shepherd,
you are now returned to the shepherd. In chapter 5 and verse 4 he calls
him the Great Shepherd. Hebrews chapter 13, 20 is called
the Great Shepherd, the Chief Shepherd, the Good Shepherd.
You just can't describe, you can't tell how He is a glorious
person, can you? You know why this is significant
about Him being called the Shepherd here? Listen, listen to how the
Scriptures, listen to what David said. He called Him, O Shepherd
of Israel, thou that leadest Jacob like a flock, thou that
dwelleth between the cherubim. What's so significant about that? That place was reserved for one,
and that was the Almighty God. God sat between the cherubims. Listen, Ezekiel, Hezekiah, he
prayed unto the Lord and said, O Lord of hosts, God of Israel,
that dwelleth between the cherubims, thou art God, even thou alone. All the kingdoms of the earth
are thine. Thou hast made the heavens and
the earth. And here this shepherd is. Who
is he? He's the one that sits between
the cherubims. He's the almighty God in our
humanity. And what's he doing? He's burying
our sins. He's burying our sins. And he's
condescending to do something that's wonderful, to be the overseer
of our souls. He stuck the responsibility of
the eternal salvation of your soul. Chose you before the world
ever was. Loved you and came and redeemed
you. And He's calling you and He's keeping you. And someday
you'll have yourself in heaven with Him. He loves your soul. Isn't that amazing? What are
we compared to Him? What are you compared to Him?
Peter didn't have very much good to say about us in verse 25.
He said, You were like beast. Ain't that what he said? You
were like beast. Straying beast. You say, Bruce,
but yeah, but we're sheep. Boy, we're pretty little things.
If people have never been around sheep, we got a shepherd and
has a lot of sheep just right outside the town of where we
live. If you've never been around sheep, if you don't know anything
about sheep, they're the stinkiest things, the stupidest things.
You go by them on a muddy day and they're more resembled a
pig than a sheep. They get out in the mud and get
all of this weight underneath them, and if the guy doesn't
get the mud, the shepherd doesn't get the mud off of them or watch
them close, they'll go out and turn upside down and lay there
till they die. If they go around a hedge, they can't even find
their way back around to this side. They're dumb and stupid
and stink. Oh, but I'm a sheep. Okay? And you're straying. You know,
when we know we're right with God, when we judge ourselves
as God's word judges us. Are you a straying sheep? Have
you strayed from God? Have you strayed from the truth?
Have you strayed from life? Have you gone astray? That's
how he speaks of us. Every child of God owns himself.
to be nothing but a beast, a straying beast that has to be returned
to the shepherd and bishop of your soul. David owned that for
himself. He said, Lord, I'm just a straying sheep. Seek me out. Seek your servant. And the church
professes that. All we like sheep have gone astray. And listen, we have turned everyone,
everyone. We haven't just turned as a group.
Every one of us has turned his own way. I'm having to bear my
own guilt, my own sin, my own web rebellion. I have gone my
own way. Do you take your place there?
There is an eternal difference between us and our shepherd,
isn't there? You can't describe him for his glory. You can't
describe us because of our wretchedness and sin. We're indescribable,
wicked, and ungodly by our very natures. All but we've been returned. by sovereign grace to the shepherd
and bishop, the overseer of our soul. But the Holy Spirit emphasizes
something else here, not just the glory of this person, he's
indescribable, but when he uses these words, who his own self,
he's emphasizing that it was him alone that bore our sins. Nobody else bore our sins. He
didn't put our sins on nobody else. He didn't transfer our
sins to something else. who his own self bear our sin. When he came into this world,
our Lord Jesus was always dependent upon someone else. He was. How
did he get down to Egypt when he was an infant? Joseph and
his mother took him there. When he got hungry as an infant,
who fed him? His mother. They protected him. And then
when he went into the ministry, God made him strong. God was
always bearing witness to him. This is my son. You're him. And
angels came and ministered unto him. He had his friends. He loved
his disciples. They were such companions to
him. None of that on the cross. None
of that here. I looked for help. I looked for
pity. I didn't find any of it. No eye
pitied me. No angel there to give me strength.
All my disciples forsook me. When they returned, they couldn't
bear my sorrow and they sure couldn't bear my sin that belonged
to you and I took for myself. Who bore the sins? He bore them
Himself. He by Himself purged our sin
and nobody helped Him. Nobody was with Him. God put
our sins upon Him. He bore them by Himself and He
satisfied for those sins by His own merit and He put them away
all by Himself. And the evidence that He did
it, He is seated at the right hand of God. If one sin was left
unsatisfied for, he would not be where he is today. Watch the
effects of this quickly. That we, being dead to sin, should
live unto righteousness. One man said, let me explain
this real quickly. When Jesus breathed out his last
breath, so did our sins. When Christ died, so did our
sins. Isn't that wonderful? Somebody
said, Bruce, if I believe that, I've just turned loose the reins
of my lust. How do you know? I wonder sometimes how I know
how I would live if I really got that in my heart and lived
by the faith of that. How would that affect me if I
believe that I was dead to sin and my sin was dead to me? How
would that make me live? Well, Peter tells us. Peter tells
us. You being dead to sin, how do you live now? Unto righteousness,
unto God. And I say, brothers and sisters,
you can't live until you're dead to sin, can you? We're dead to
its condemning power, are we not? Now freed from sin, I walk
at large, my Savior's blood, my full discharge. For he that
is dead, and you're dead, and your life is hid with Christ
in God, and he that is dead is freed from sin. You're freed
from its damning, condemning power. That's why he said there
is now no, not a little bit, not a lot, not any. There is
no condemnation to them which are in Christ Jesus. Why? They
are dead with Christ. They are just as dead to the
condemning power of sins as he was when he died. Here's what
Paul says. Wherefore, my brethren, you also
are become dead to the law. It's judging power. It's condemning
power. You're dead to that law by the
dead body of Jesus Christ. When he died, he died unto sin
one time. And sin could not condemn him. It did condemn him, didn't it?
Yes, it condemned him. And if he hadn't been as fully
married as he was, it would have condemned him to hell. But it
don't condemn him now. Well, if you're in him, and he's
dead to that judgment now, you're dead to the judgment, and you're
freed. We often talk about, boy, we feel so guilty. I don't know
if that's good language. I don't know if that's good theology
or not. We may be in our own apprehensions. You ever, you
remember that? I told, I think I've told, I've
told this little illustration so many times, but I just love
it. And somebody, somebody was telling me the other day, and
they think it's true, and it wouldn't surprise me, about the
wagon train going west, Y'all ever heard of that illustration?
The wagon train was going west out on the prairie, and the grass
had grown up high, and it was dead. And the people in the wagon
train saw fire coming at them. The wind was behind the fire,
and it was coming at them. And they said, we can't outrun
this. The wagons can't outrun this. So what they did, they
burned out a huge circle in that tall grass. And they got right
in the center of that circle, the whole wagon train. And the
fire coming, they began to feel the heat and the smoke. And the
little boy said, Daddy, are we going to die? He said, well,
no, son, we're not going to die. He waited just a minute. He said,
Daddy, are you sure we're not going to be burned up? And he
said, no, son, we're not going to be burned up. And finally,
he said, Daddy, why? You know how kids are. We're
standing, son, where the fire has already been. Are you in
Christ? Is sin going to raise to the
throne and condemn him again? Sin going to judge him again?
No. then it won't you either. You
are dead to sin. We're dead to sin. In this sense,
we're dead to its reigning power. Knowing that Christ being raised
from the dead doth no more, sin hath no more dominion over him,
for the end that he died, he died unto sin once, but in that
he liveth, he liveth unto God. Listen. Reckon ye also yourselves
to be so dead unto sin, but alive unto God. One thing the devil
held over my head all through my teenage years, he always whispered
this to my conscience, you can't quit your sinning. Look at all
these bad habits, these damnable, sinful, God-dishonoring habits
you've got, and boy they were. I wouldn't mention them for nothing,
some of the things that I was bound with, but you know something?
The instant I looked to Christ, the power was gone. You know,
I haven't been drunk in 45 years. I haven't used God's holy name
in vain in 45 years. Have you cursed God since he
saved you? Shall we continue in sin that grace may abound?
God forbid. How shall you that are dead to
sin live any longer therein? That's what I'm talking about.
Do we have sin? Oh my God in heaven help us.
We have sin, don't we? We struggle with it all the time.
But listen, does it rule you like it used to? Does it have
dominion over you like it used to? If the Son shall make you
free, you're free indeed. And here's one of the mysteries
behind this. Though Christ has taken our sins and bore the judgment
of them and put them away, man, we still feel them. We still
struggle with them, don't we? But listen. We're not servants
to any of them. No, not anymore. We're free from
them. By whose stripes ye are healed. Sin is like an awful sin, isn't
it? Boy, and how much disease we have today. We're just talking
down here about some dear friends that we know. Cancer, Lou Gehrig's
disease, Manson. Wouldn't it be wonderful if you
had a medication that every time you heard a friend had cancer
or Lou Gehrig's or some other awful disease, you could just
say, right, here's the medicine. And they take it, and they're
healed. Sin is an awful disease. It'll destroy body and soul.
But listen, there is a bomb in Gilead. You may be here tonight,
and I don't know how you feel in your poor conscience. I don't
know how discouraged you may be, how temptations have made
you so heavy. You may be bearing some chastening
upon your heart, but listen, look to the Savior. Share His
groans, look at His wounds, and pray God gives you faith to receive
it right into your soul, and it'll heal you, it'll heal you.
Lord bless your hearts. Been a joy to be here and a joy
to preach to you. Thank you, Brother Donnie.