The Bible teaches that man is born spiritually dead and incapable of saving himself.
According to Scripture, every person is born with a sinful nature, as expressed in Psalm 51:5, 'Behold, I was shapen in iniquity; and in sin did my mother conceive me.' This highlights that our sinfulness is inherent and not simply a result of our actions. We commit sins because we are sinners by nature, which necessitates divine intervention for salvation. Ephesians 2:1 affirms this by stating that we are 'dead in trespasses and sins.' Without God’s mercy and the work of the Holy Spirit, we cannot know or seek God.
Psalm 51:5, Ephesians 2:1
Salvation is entirely a work of God, as it is God who calls and enables us to believe.
Historically, the Reformed tradition emphasizes that salvation is initiated and accomplished by God alone. Ephesians 2:8-9 states, 'For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God: Not of works, lest any man should boast.' This underscores the belief that faith itself is a gift from God rather than a human achievement. Additionally, John 6:44 confirms that no one can come to Christ unless the Father draws them, indicating that God's divine will and grace are essential to our redemption.
Ephesians 2:8-9, John 6:44
Total depravity highlights humanity's complete inability to save themselves, underscoring the need for God's grace.
The doctrine of total depravity asserts that every aspect of humanity is affected by sin, rendering us incapable of choosing God on our own. As seen in Romans 3:10-12, 'There is none righteous, no, not one: There is none that understandeth, there is none that seeketh after God.' This understanding is vital because it reinforces the necessity of God’s grace in salvation. Recognizing our helpless state compels us to rely wholly on Christ’s atoning sacrifice, acknowledging that salvation is only through His righteousness and mercy, rather than any merit of our own.
Romans 3:10-12
Faith is the means by which we are justified, while works are the evidence of that faith.
The relation between faith and works is clarified in James 2:26, which reminds us that 'faith without works is dead.' While we are saved by faith alone, this faith naturally produces good works as a response to God’s grace. Ephesians 2:10 states that we are 'created in Christ Jesus unto good works.' Thus, while our good works do not contribute to our salvation, they are essential as they manifest the reality of our faith. This reflects the transformation that occurs when we are converted and indwelt by the Holy Spirit.
James 2:26, Ephesians 2:10
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