The sermon titled "Five Hard Questions" by Marvin Stalnaker focuses on the doctrine of salvation as rooted in God's eternal covenant. Stalnaker asserts that the Queen of Sheba’s visit to Solomon illustrates a divine prompting through God's grace to seek wisdom and truth; this is paralleled to the believer’s quest for understanding salvation. The sermon emphasizes five foundational questions about salvation: (1) the nature of God's eternal covenant; (2) the consequences of Adam's sin in the Garden; (3) the work of Christ at Calvary; (4) the gospel's role in time; and (5) the events of the Day of Judgment. Each question is supported by Scripture, such as 2 Samuel 23:5 and John 6:44, demonstrating the Reformed emphasis on God's sovereign grace in salvation, the total depravity of humanity, and the assurance of the elect's eventual salvation. The significance lies in the understanding that God's sovereign purpose is an established reality that should bring comfort and assurance to the believer regarding their eternal fate.
Key Quotes
“Grace before grace...God brings his people unto the sound of the gospel.”
“This is eternal. What happened eternally? God has made a covenant, and He's going to save them. He's purposed it. He's accomplished it.”
“What happened in the garden? Man died spiritually. He could not produce a man or a woman that had fellowship with God. He died.”
“Christ...was made sin...that He would not forsake me or you that believe Him.”
The Bible reveals that God established an everlasting covenant of grace among the three persons of the Godhead to save His people.
The eternal covenant of grace is foundational to understanding God's plan of salvation. According to 2 Samuel 23:5, God made with David an everlasting covenant. This covenant is characterized by perfect agreement among the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. The Father chooses a people in Christ, the Son covenants to redeem them, and the Spirit commits to regenerating them so they will respond to the gospel. Thus, salvation is accomplished not by human effort but through God's sovereign will and purpose.
2 Samuel 23:5, 1 Corinthians 1:4, 2 Timothy 1:9
Humans are totally depraved as a result of Adam's sin, which led to spiritual death and the inability to seek God without divine intervention.
The doctrine of total depravity arises from the account of the fall in Genesis and is articulated in Romans 5:12, which states that sin entered the world through one man, leading to death for all. This means that every person, born of Adam, inherits a sinful nature and is incapable of knowing or choosing God without the enabling grace of the Holy Spirit. In our perpetual state of spiritual death, we cannot initiate a relationship with God or please Him; we require regeneration to be made alive in Christ.
Romans 5:12, Ecclesiastes 7:29
Christ's death at Calvary is essential for salvation because He bore the sins of His people, satisfying divine justice and securing their righteousness.
The significance of Christ's death lies in its role as a substitutionary atonement. According to 2 Corinthians 5:21, Christ was made sin for us, taking upon Himself the guilt and penalty due to His people. This act was necessary to fulfill the justice of God while also manifesting His mercy. By dying on the cross, Christ not only bore our sins but also imputed His righteousness to all who believe. Hence, His sacrifice is the means by which reconciliation to God is achieved and the eternal covenant of grace is fulfilled.
2 Corinthians 5:21, John 10:15, Romans 3:25
In time, those chosen by God hear the gospel, which proclaims what He has done for their salvation, leading to their regeneration and faith.
The process of salvation unfolds in time with the preaching of the gospel. According to Mark 16:15, the gospel is to be preached to every creature, and through this proclamation, God's elect are called. John 6:44 affirms that no one can come to Christ unless the Father draws them, indicating that God actively brings His people to salvation through the gospel message. When they hear it, they are taught by God and brought to a place of belief, showcasing His sovereign grace in action. Thus, salvation is both an eternal plan and a temporal reality, where the elect respond to the gospel and are saved.
Mark 16:15, John 6:44, Ephesians 1:4-5
At the day of judgment, all will be resurrected and separated by Christ, with His sheep welcomed into eternal life and the goats condemned.
The day of judgment is a future event where all humanity will stand before Christ to give an account of their lives. Scriptures like Matthew 25:31-34 highlight that the Lord will separate people based on their relationship with Him. Those who have been given faith and trusted in Christ will be welcomed into the inheritance prepared for them since the foundation of the world, while those who rejected God's grace will face eternal separation. This judgment reflects the justice of God and the fulfillment of His eternal covenant of grace, confirming the sovereign choice of God in salvation.
Matthew 25:31-34, 1 Corinthians 15:52, 2 Corinthians 5:10
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