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Brandan Kraft

A Mass of Sin

Brandan Kraft 4 min read
196 Articles 22 Sermons
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Brandan Kraft
Brandan Kraft 4 min read
196 articles 22 sermons

John Gill's statement that Christ was made "a mass of sin" by imputation—not by actual sinfulness—articulates the Reformed doctrine of penal substitution, wherein the sins of all the elect were transferred to Christ and He bore them before God's justice. Though Gill's phrasing initially sounds problematic, the author clarifies that this expression denotes the aggregate weight of sin imputed to Christ rather than moral corruption in His person, a concept supported by Old Testament imagery in Psalms 38:4 and 40:12. The article defends Gill's orthodoxy on this crucial point of atonement theology despite acknowledging imperfect word choices elsewhere in his work.

What does the Bible say about Christ being made sin?

The Bible states that Christ was made sin for us, which refers to the imputation of our sins to Him, allowing Him to bear the weight of our transgressions.

In 2 Corinthians 5:21, it is expressed that 'He made Him who knew no sin to be sin for us, that we might become the righteousness of God in Him.' This highlights the theological truth of imputation, where our sins are transferred to Christ, and He bears the penalty for all the sins of the elect. While some might find the phrasing of Christ being 'made a mass of sin' troubling or heretical, it underscores the integral belief in His sacrificial role as our substitute in bearing the full weight of sin's punishment. This doctrine is vital as it affirms that Christ took upon Himself the guilt of our transgressions, not by becoming a sinner Himself, but by embodying the consequences of sin on behalf of His people.

2 Corinthians 5:21, Psalm 38:4, Psalms 40:12

How do we know the imputation of sin is true?

The imputation of sin is established through key biblical passages that support the transfer of our sins to Christ.

The doctrine of imputation, where the sins of the elect are charged to Christ, is profoundly rooted in Scripture. Romans 4:8 states, 'Blessed is the man against whom the Lord will not count his sin,' indicating that sin is not merely overlooked but accounted for by Christ’s sacrifice. This is further reinforced by the contrast found in 2 Corinthians 5:21, which articulates that Christ, though sinless, bore our sins to enable our righteousness. True understanding comes when we accept that Christ's role was substitutionary—He didn’t become sinful in essence, but rather, He took our sinful standings before God. Thus, the historical perspective in Reformed theology maintains these truths as central to the faith.

Romans 4:8, 2 Corinthians 5:21

Why is the concept of imputed sin important for Christians?

Imputed sin is essential as it underscores our dependence on Christ's righteousness for salvation and the grace extended to believers.

Understanding the concept of imputation is vital for Christians because it speaks to the very foundation of our salvation. It teaches that through faith in Christ, our sins are not only forgiven but are accounted to Him, and in return, His righteousness is credited to us, allowing us to stand justified before God. Romans 5:19 explicates that 'For as by one man’s disobedience many were made sinners, so by one Man’s obedience many will be made righteous.' This dual exchange illustrates the grace and mercy of God, allowing us to have assurance in our salvation. It also emphasizes the seriousness of sin and the magnitude of Christ's sacrificial love, enhancing our worship and devotion as believers.

Romans 5:19

"the sins of all his people were transferred unto him, laid upon him, and placed to his account; he sustained their persons, and bore their sins; and having them upon him, and being chargeable with, and answerable for them, he was treated by the justice of God as if he had been not only a sinner, but a mass of sin; for to be made sin, is a stronger expression than to be made a sinner: but now that this may appear to be only by imputation, and that none may conclude from hence that he was really and actually a sinner, or in himself so, it is said he was 'made sin'"

    What is the first thing you think when you read this quote?  Do you think this is false doctrine?  Do you think this is heresy?  Why who could write such a thing!?  Who could besmirch and smear our dear Savior like this?  After all, Christ our savior was made sin by imputation.  What a ludicrous thing it is to say He Himself became a "mass of sin".  What is this nonsense, Roman Catholicism? Surely this was not written by a believer!  What nonsense to even suggest sin could even atone for sin.  Poppycock!  Heresy!

    You might think this phrase was penned by the heretic who recently departed this world.  Good riddens to bad rubbish you might think.  You might think these words condemn the man who penned them.  But you would be wrong on all points.

    These are the words of John Gill, and they come from his commentary on 2 Corinthians 5:21.   What in the world do they mean?  It sounds kind of mysterious - to be made a "mass of sin", but not actually a sinner.  Beats me!  I don't know what he really meant.  But does it really matter?  The rest of his ministry was thoroughly scriptural, and he made a strong case for imputation of sin to our dear savior in most of his work.   But the man is dead, and we can't talk to him now to see what he truly meant.  So I choose to think the best of brother Gill and will continue to use his commentary,  his Body of Doctrinal Divinity, and of course his helpful book, The Cause of God and Truthwhich the Holy Spirit used to deliver to me Gospel knowledge that was instrumental in my conversion.

    You might think I'm a compromiser for including John Gill's material on this site, especiallly after demonstrating to you that he was such a vile heretic.  But the fact of the matter is, he was a man, and he was far from perfect.   And sometimes the words he used don't always make sense to me.  

    These words at first seemed to me to be a poor choice of words.  But then a dear sister explained to me that what is meant by that phrase, and it is simply a "large amount" of sin - a massive amount - or in other words, all of the elect's sin.

For mine iniquities are gone over mine head: as an heavy burden they are too heavy for me. - Psalm 38:4
For innumerable evils have compassed me about: mine iniquities have taken hold upon me, so that I am not able to look up; they are more than the hairs of mine head: therefore my heart faileth me.- Psalms 40:12

    Even the Scriptures themselves use imagery like this to describe the reality of imputation. What have we to say about David, the Psalm writer?

    Bro. Gill was faithful to the Gospel.  And the rest of his work is top notch excellent.   I don't always agree with Bro. Gill.  I could do without his historic pre-millennialism for example.  But I'm still eternally thankful for the man and his ministry.  I think you get my point.

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