Total depravity teaches that all humanity is fundamentally unrighteous and incapable of saving itself due to the fall.
The Bible, particularly in passages like Romans 3:10-12, declares that there is none righteous, no not one. Total depravity means that as humans, we are born with a corrupt nature which leads us to rebel against God from the very moment of birth (Psalm 58:3). This condition of the human heart is such that we do not seek after God, and left to ourselves, all we can do is revolt more and more against Him.
Romans 3:10-12, Psalm 58:3
Divine election is affirmed in Scripture, which shows God choosing a remnant for salvation before the foundation of the world.
The doctrine of divine election is rooted in texts such as Ephesians 1:4-5, where it is explicitly stated that God chose us in Christ before the foundation of the world. This doctrine emphasizes that salvation is initiated by God, not based on any foreseen merit or action on our part, but solely by His sovereign grace. Romans 11:5 supports this by indicating that even in times of great rebellion, God has preserved a remnant according to the election of grace, illustrating His ongoing commitment to His chosen people.
Ephesians 1:4-5, Romans 11:5
Christ's redemptive work is essential because it satisfies God's justice, enabling salvation for His elect through faith in Him.
Christ's redemptive work is central to the Gospel as it fulfills the requirements of God’s justice. According to Isaiah 1:27, Zion (God's elect) is redeemed with judgment. This means that Christ bore the wrath of God in place of His people, thus allowing justice to be satisfied while extending mercy to those who believe. By bearing our sins on the cross, as seen in Zechariah 13:7, Christ underwent the judgment that we deserved, enabling us to be spared from the punishment we earned by our sinfulness. His resurrection assures us that His atoning sacrifice is effective for our salvation.
Isaiah 1:27, Zechariah 13:7
The Holy Spirit regenerates believers by transforming their hearts and making them receptive to the Gospel.
Regeneration by the Holy Spirit is a critical aspect of salvation, whereby God transforms the hearts of the elect to make them willing and able to respond to the Gospel. As mentioned in Isaiah 1:18, God invites sinners to reason with Him, indicating that through the work of the Holy Spirit, sinners are made aware of their sinfulness and their need for Christ. This divine work includes giving life to the spirit of a person, enabling them to understand and accept the grace of God (John 3:5). It is this act of regeneration that leads to faith, as we can do nothing to believe unless the Spirit first stirs our hearts.
Isaiah 1:18, John 3:5
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