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Eileen Beckett

Summer Bookshelf!

Eileen Beckett 3 min read
205 Articles
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Eileen Beckett
Eileen Beckett 3 min read
205 articles

Eileen Beckett reviews American Jezebel by Eve LaPlante, a biography of Anne Hutchinson, a seventeenth-century Puritan nonconformist who championed individual freedom of conscience against religious authority and institutional persecution. Beckett explores how Hutchinson's advocacy for believers' liberty to worship without state or ecclesiastical coercion—despite her excommunication and heresy trial—influenced Rhode Island's Charter, which directly shaped the Third Amendment's guarantee of religious freedom in the American Constitution. The review reflects theologically on the tension between orthodoxy and individual conscience, the distinction between bodily and spiritual destruction, and the ongoing struggle faced by those who question religious authority or hold dissenting convictions.

What does the Bible say about freedom of conscience?

The Bible supports the idea of freedom of conscience, emphasizing individual responsibility in matters of faith.

The Bible emphasizes the importance of freedom of conscience in the believer's relationship with God. Romans 14:5 teaches that each person should be fully convinced in their own mind regarding their convictions. This highlights the necessity for individuals to engage personally with their faith and beliefs rather than relying solely on external authority. In 1 Peter 3:15, we are instructed to always be ready to give an answer for the hope we have, suggesting an active engagement with personal beliefs. Therefore, the idea of freedom of conscience is grounded in the biblical call for personal conviction and accountability before God.

Romans 14:5, 1 Peter 3:15

How do we know religious authority is not absolute?

Scripture points to the believer's ultimate authority being God's Word rather than human institutions.

The nature of religious authority is fundamentally rooted in the sovereignty of God's Word. While church authority can provide guidance, it must align with Scripture; this is evident in Acts 17:11, where the Bereans were commended for examining the Scriptures daily to verify the truth of Paul’s teachings. Moreover, Colossians 2:8 warns against being taken captive by philosophies that do not align with the teachings of Christ. This clearly illustrates that while church authority has its place, the believer's ultimate submission is to the authority of God's Word alone.

Acts 17:11, Colossians 2:8

Why is the concept of persecution important for Christians?

Persecution serves as a reminder of the call to stand firm in faith amidst opposition.

Persecution is a significant aspect of the Christian experience, serving various purposes in the life of believers. In John 15:20, Jesus warns that if they persecuted Him, they will also persecute His followers, indicating that suffering for faith is part of discipleship. Moreover, 2 Timothy 3:12 states that 'everyone who wants to live a godly life in Christ Jesus will be persecuted.' This not only strengthens Christian resolve but also fosters deeper reliance on God's grace and power. Ultimately, persecution can enhance the visibility of the faithful response to adversity, showcasing the steadfastness of believers in the face of trials.

John 15:20, 2 Timothy 3:12

I’ve been reading quite a bit this summer, I love to read. I finished the book titled “American Jezebel” by Eve LaPlante. It was a biography of Anne Hutchinson, a nonconformist Puritan woman written by a descendant who says “I am neither to disdain nor to exalt my central character: I strive instead for a balanced portrait of Anne Hutchinson’s life and thought in all their complexity”. It is vibrant history of New England in the early 1600’s, especially ‘religious’ history. I was fascinated by the story of this courageous woman who wanted nothing more than the believer’s freedom of conscience and to worship without persecution. The Puritans came to America in the early 1600’s to escape the state church and the persecution they were suffering. But in the end they became almost exactly what they had left England for, they became the persecutors. 

She was an early champion of freedom of conscience and supported the notion that individuals can believe as they wish and she wasn’t willing to accept religious authority without question. Can you even imagine in the 1600’s a woman who had such strong convictions and wholly kept them even amongst the heresy trial, the time spent away from her family in arrest and finally the excommunication from her church? Did she hold to heresy? I imagine it depends on how you define the word ‘heresy’. If it is a belief that you hold to that doesn’t fit the mold of ‘orthodoxy’ then I am sure she did hold to heresy. She isn’t here to ask and so we can read what others say she believed but unless we could hear it from her we will never truly know. Only a man knows his own thoughts and his own mind. 

Interestingly the ‘Charter of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations” was issued to those who wanted to maintain independence from Massachusetts and the religious attitudes that were prevalent there just as they had been in England. This charter language, copied below, leads directly to the Third Amendment to our Constitution which grants to us religious freedom.

“No person within the said colony, at any time hereafter, shall be any wise molested, punished, disquieted, or called into question, for any differences in opinion in matters of religion, and do not actually disturb the civil peace of our said colony; but that all and every person and persons may…..freely and fully have and enjoy his and their own judgments and consciences, in matters of religious concernments, throughout the tract of land hereafter mentions”

The battle, of course, still goes on. If you question, if you hold to differences of opinion, if you adhere to your own conscience then there is a label of some sort that is attached to you. Maybe it is rebellious and un-submissive, maybe it is a heretic or maybe it is a fool. It was said that ‘they’ destroyed her and yet I don’t believe they did. Men can destroy the body but only God can destroy both body AND soul.

A very enlightening and good read!

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