In the sermon "Death In Adam, Life In Christ," Tom Harding addresses the Reformed doctrine of representation, articulating how the fall of Adam brought sin and death to all humanity, while the obedience and sacrifice of Christ provides salvation and life. He cites 1 Corinthians 15:21-23, emphasizing that through Adam’s sin, we are all condemned, stating, “In Adam, all die,” and through Christ’s redemptive work, “in Christ, all shall be made alive.” The sermon highlights key points such as human depravity (Romans 5:12) and the necessity of Christ’s righteousness for justification. The practical significance of this doctrine lies in its assurance of salvation being solely based on Christ’s work and not on human merit, reinforcing the foundational Reformed belief in faith alone.
Key Quotes
“In Adam, Adam stood as a representative man... when he fell, all humanity fell in him.”
“There is just one remedy for sin. And that one remedy is one redeemer, the Lord Jesus Christ.”
“Salvation is not attempted; it's accomplished. The Lord did not die to make salvation a possibility and the Lord Jesus Christ died accomplishing salvation for those for whom he represents.”
“As sin demands death, so his righteousness established and imputed demands acceptance with God.”
The Bible teaches that original sin entered the world through Adam, and through him, all humanity is affected by death and sin.
The doctrine of original sin is clearly articulated in Romans 5:12, where it states that by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin, so death passed upon all men for that all have sinned. This means that when Adam sinned, he acted as a representative for all humanity, and his disobedience brought sin and death into the world. Consequently, all human beings inherit a sinful nature, making them guilty before God. The implications of original sin are profound, for it indicates that we do not simply commit sins; rather, we have a fallen nature that is opposed to God's righteousness, leaving us in dire need of redemption.
Romans 5:12, Romans 3:23
The sufficiency of Christ's atonement is evident in Scripture, proclaiming that He accomplished salvation by His one sacrifice for His people.
The atonement of Christ is uniquely and powerfully sufficient for salvation as it is rooted in the very nature of Christ as both fully God and fully man. In 1 Timothy 3:16, the mystery of godliness reveals that God was manifest in the flesh. This union of divine and human in Christ means that His sacrifice holds infinite value before God. Furthermore, John 3:16 demonstrates God's initiative in sending His Son to satisfy divine justice for sinners. The efficacy of this atonement is evidenced in that it does not merely make salvation possible but accomplishes it fully for those for whom Christ died, as stated in Romans 5:19. Thus, we affirm that through the obedience of Christ, many shall be made righteous, establishing the sufficiency of Christ's work on behalf of His covenant people.
1 Timothy 3:16, John 3:16, Romans 5:19
The doctrine of representation is crucial because it reinforces the understanding that Christ's obedience serves as our righteousness before God.
The doctrine of representation asserts that Adam and Christ both serve as federal heads, impacting all of humanity. Through Adam's disobedience, all are made sinners, while through Christ's obedience, believers are made righteous (Romans 5:19). This doctrine is essential as it illustrates how the actions of one man affect many. In Adam, we inherit a sinful nature and are condemned, but in Christ, we receive righteousness and life. Understanding this representation emphasizes the power and scope of Christ's redemptive work, allowing us to see that our salvation is not based on our own merits, but solely on His perfect obedience and sacrificial death. This truth is foundational for grasping the fullness of God's grace in salvation and reinforces the gift of faith given to the elect.
Romans 5:19, 1 Corinthians 15:21-22
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