How does Adam represent all of humanity?

In theological terms, Adam is often referred to as the federal head of humanity, meaning that his actions have implications for all people. According to Romans 5:12, sin entered the world through Adam, and death through sin, affecting all generations of humanity. Thus, Adam's failure in the garden places humanity in a state of sin and separation from God. Conversely, his role also foreshadows the coming of Christ, referred to as the last Adam, who brings redemption. This connection between Adam and humanity illustrates the underlying truth of representation and accountability that runs throughout Scripture regarding sin and salvation.