How does the doctrine of substitution work?

The doctrine of substitution represents a foundational aspect of Christ's atoning work, emphasizing that Jesus took upon Himself the penalty for sin that we deserve. This is articulated in passages like Isaiah 53:5, where we learn, 'But He was pierced for our transgressions; He was crushed for our iniquities.' The substitutionary atonement affirms that God, in His justice, required a payment for sin, which was fulfilled in Christ’s death. Thus, believers receive forgiveness and the righteousness of Christ because of His sacrifice on their behalf.