What does it mean that life is vanity without Christ?

In Ecclesiastes, Solomon reflects on the reality that life devoid of a relationship with Christ is ultimately empty and meaningless. He argues that no matter how much wisdom, wealth, or enjoyment one achieves, it is all futile when viewed from an eternal perspective. True fulfillment and meaning are found only in knowing God and placing Him at the center of our lives. For Christians, recognizing the vanity of earthly pursuits encourages reliance on Christ for purpose and joy, reaffirming that apart from Him, all efforts are in vain.