What does the Bible say about the role of the Holy Spirit in the new birth?

The Bible teaches that the Holy Spirit plays a critical role in the process of regeneration, also known as the new birth. In John 3:5-6, Jesus explains that one must be born of the Spirit to enter the kingdom of God. The Spirit's work is essential because humans are spiritually dead in sin and incapable of realizing their need for God without divine intervention. The Holy Spirit not only brings about this spiritual birth but also empowers the believer to comprehend and accept the gospel. His sovereign work enables the quickening of the heart, resulting in the transformation of affections, desires, and ultimately leading to a life of faith and obedience.