What is the penalty for violating the Sabbath according to the Bible?

In Exodus 35:2, the severity of violating the Sabbath is clear, where the punishment for working on this holy day was death. This stern penalty underscores the seriousness of disobedience to God's commands. However, it's essential to understand that the Sabbath law was a part of the Old Covenant, pointing ultimately to the rest provided in Christ under the New Covenant. While the literal enforcement of these laws no longer applies, they serve as a reminder of God's holiness, the importance of rest, and the understanding that true rest comes from Christ, who fulfills the law perfectly. Failing to find rest in Him could lead to spiritual death, emphasizing our need for His grace.