In the sermon “David's Three Mighty Men,” Aaron Greenleaf explores the interplay between King David’s longing and the representation of Christ through David's mighty men as types of salvation. The central doctrine addressed is the grace of God manifested through Christ, who fights on behalf of sinners, as seen through the actions of three of David's chief warriors: Adino, Eleazar, and Shammah. Greenleaf supports this argument by referencing 2 Samuel 23:8-16, wherein each warrior embodies an aspect of Christ’s redemptive work. For instance, Adino represents Christ as the wisdom of God who defeats sins through one sacrifice, Eleazar embodies the Word of God cleaving to believers, and Shammah symbolizes Christ as the defender of the saints, emphasizing reliance on God’s grace amidst spiritual warfare. The sermon stresses the Reformed theological concepts of imputed righteousness, the sovereignty of grace, and the believer’s total dependence on Christ for salvation.
Key Quotes
“He is unable, I need someone to go for me and just give it to me. Just come to where I'm at and hand deliver it to me right there.”
“It's never once happened. Do you desire to be saved by Jesus Christ alone? Yes. Yes. A sinner says, yes, yes. I am unable. I want somebody just to give this to me.”
“For by one offering He hath perfected forever them that are sanctified. This is Adonai, the wisdom of God.”
“If you are old and battle-weary, and you can't do anything about your enemies, your sins, you can't do anything to save yourself, I want you to know this. He has already gone and got that water of life and given it to you.”
David's mighty men, as recorded in 2 Samuel 23, were courageous warriors endowed by God with supernatural strength to defend Israel.
In 2 Samuel 23, the chapter highlights David's mighty men who were exceptional warriors of great valor. Among them, three captains—Adino, Eleazar, and Shammah—stood out for their extraordinary feats in battle. These men are depicted as divinely empowered, capable of vanquishing overwhelming odds, demonstrating not only their bravery but also God's providential involvement in their exploits. Their actions serve as a typological foreshadowing of Jesus Christ, illustrating different aspects of His character and His redemptive work in saving sinners.
2 Samuel 23:8-16
David's longing for water from Bethlehem symbolizes a deep desire for sustenance that highlights his inability to provide for himself in his old age.
David's longing for the water of Bethlehem while in a cave surrounded by enemies illustrates his vulnerability and the poignant reality of his old age. It serves as a metaphor for the believer's need for spiritual sustenance, which symbolizes Christ as the ultimate source of life and refreshment. David, recognizing his inability to obtain it himself, exemplifies the dependence on a Savior who seeks and offers grace freely. In this narrative, the longing for water parallels the believer’s deep desire for eternal life and satisfaction found in Christ alone, showcasing the theme of grace and Christ's redemptive purpose.
2 Samuel 23:15
David pouring out the water symbolizes his acknowledgment of God's grace and his unworthiness to receive such a gift.
When David receives the water brought to him by his mighty men and pours it out as an offering unto the Lord, he is demonstrating profound humility and gratitude. This act signifies that he recognizes the value of the sacrifice made by the men who risked their lives for him. By pouring it out, David acknowledges that he cannot claim any glory for himself; instead, all glory belongs to God who provides grace. It illustrates the believer's response to salvation—understanding that redemption comes not from personal merit but as a gift from God, compelling the believer to express gratitude and honor to Him for His mercy.
2 Samuel 23:16, Hebrews 13:15
The mighty men represent various aspects of Christ's character and His salvific work for sinners.
Each of David's three mighty men exemplifies different attributes of Christ, serving as types that reflect His role in salvation. Adino, who slaughtered 800 with a single thrust, symbolizes Christ’s sovereign power in redemption, showing that He alone bears the weight of sin without faltering. Eleazar, who cleaved to his sword, represents the unity of Christ and His Word, emphasizing that true life and salvation derive from the faithful proclamation of the Gospel. Shammah, who defended the lentil field, mirrors Christ as the protector of His people and their spiritual sustenance. Collectively, these types underscore the belief that salvation is accomplished wholly by Christ, ensuring that believers recognize His supreme authority and the necessity of His sacrifice.
2 Samuel 23:8-11, John 15:13, Ephesians 6:17
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