The sermon "In Adam Death, In Christ Life" by Tom Harding focuses on the doctrines of original sin and substitutionary atonement within the framework of Reformed theology. Harding positions Adam as the representative man whose sin caused the fall of humanity, as shown in Romans 5. In contrast, Christ, the second Adam, provides salvation to those He represents, embodying the remedy for sin through His perfect obedience and atoning sacrifice, supported by 1 Corinthians 15:21-23. He elaborates that through Christ's righteousness, believers are justified and reconciled to God, as opposed to their inherent sinful condition in Adam. The significance of this sermon lies in its affirmation of the exclusivity of salvation in Christ, underscoring the necessity of Christ’s work for justification and eternal life.
Key Quotes
“In Adam, when he sinned, we sinned. When he fell, all humanity fell in him.”
“There is just one remedy for sin. And that one remedy is one Redeemer, the Lord Jesus Christ.”
“The Lord did not die to make salvation a possibility and the Lord Jesus Christ died accomplishing salvation for those for whom he represents.”
“In Adam all died, even so in Christ shall all for whom he represents be made alive.”
The Bible teaches that through Adam's sin, all humanity fell and is guilty before God.
The Bible clearly articulates that through Adam's disobedience, sin entered the world, resulting in death spreading to all men because all sinned in him (Romans 5:12). The doctrine of representation is significant here; when Adam fell, he represented all humanity, and thus all are born into sinfulness and stand guilty before God (Romans 5:19). This underscores the total depravity of humanity, as all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God (Romans 3:23). Therefore, Adam's sin has profound implications on the nature of mankind and its relationship with God.
Romans 5:12, Romans 5:19, Romans 3:23
Christ's atonement is sufficient because it fulfills God's requirements for justice and provides complete salvation for His people.
The sufficiency of Christ's atonement is demonstrated through His perfect obedience and sacrificial death, which is the only remedy for sin. Scripture teaches that He bore the sins of His people, satisfying God's wrath and securing redemption through His sacrifice (1 John 4:10). The Lord Jesus declared from the cross, 'It is finished,' signifying that His work of atonement was complete and effective for those He represented (John 10:15). Those for whom Christ died are justified freely by God's grace and granted eternal life, which points to the completeness and sufficiency of His redemptive work.
1 John 4:10, John 10:15
Justification is vital as it declares believers righteous in Christ, providing peace with God and assurance of salvation.
Justification is a critical doctrine for Christians because it represents the legal declaration by God that a sinner is righteous on account of faith in Christ alone (Romans 5:1). This not only allows believers to be reconciled with God but also assures them of their salvation, freeing them from the condemnation that comes from sin (Romans 8:1). It emphasizes that this righteousness is imputed, not earned, highlighting the grace of God in saving sinners. Understanding justification empowers Christians to rest in Christ's finished work and live in the assurance of God’s favor.
Romans 5:1, Romans 8:1
Adam and Christ are seen as representatives of two different outcomes for humanity—death through Adam and life through Christ.
The relationship between Adam and Christ is encapsulated in the theological concept of federal headship. Adam, as the first man, brought sin and death into the world through his disobedience, affecting all humanity (Romans 5:12). Conversely, Christ, referred to as the second Adam, represents life and righteousness through His obedience and sacrificial atonement (1 Corinthians 15:22). Just as all humanity fell in Adam, all who belong to Christ are made alive and justified through Him. This connection emphasizes the gravity of sin and the glorious provision of salvation available in Jesus Christ, underscoring the overarching narrative of redemption throughout Scripture.
Romans 5:12, 1 Corinthians 15:22
Grace in salvation is the unmerited favor of God that enables sinners to be justified and made alive in Christ.
Grace operates in salvation as the foundation through which God's favor is bestowed upon unworthy sinners (Ephesians 2:8-9). It is not based on human effort or merit but is a gift from God, illustrating His love and justice. In Scripture, it is revealed that our justification comes through faith in Christ, who met the requirements of God’s law perfectly (Titus 3:5). Moreover, grace transforms the believer, resulting in regeneration and the work of the Holy Spirit in their lives, leading to a new nature and the ability to walk in obedience to God’s commands. Thus, grace is central to the entire process of salvation, from election to glorification.
Ephesians 2:8-9, Titus 3:5
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