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J.C. Ryle

Expository Thoughts on Luke 7:36-50

J.C. Ryle • June, 30 2013 • 7 min read
805 Articles 390 Sermons 11 Books
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June, 30 2013
J.C. Ryle
J.C. Ryle • 7 min read
805 articles 390 sermons 11 books

In his analysis of Luke 7:36-50, J.C. Ryle emphasizes the contrast between the Pharisee’s outward respect for Jesus and the sinful woman’s deep love and gratitude, which stems from her understanding of forgiveness. Ryle argues that mere religious formality, illustrated by the Pharisee's actions, lacks the heart-love that genuine faith requires. He cites the parable of the debtors to illustrate that those who recognize the magnitude of their forgiveness will love Christ more deeply (Luke 7:41-43). This principle underlines the Reformed doctrine of salvation by grace alone, emphasizing that love for Christ and good works flow from the recognition of one’s justification. For believers, an experience of Christ's mercy should invigorate their service to Him, leading to a transformed life marked by gratitude and obedience.

Key Quotes

“A full offer of free pardon is generally God's chosen instrument for bringing the chief of sinners to repentance.”

“The heart must be engaged for Christ or the hands will soon hang down.”

“Her love was the effect of her forgiveness—not the cause—the consequence of her forgiveness not the condition.”

“Peace with God is the only root that will bear the fruit of holiness.”

What does the Bible say about forgiveness?

The Bible teaches that forgiveness comes through faith in Jesus Christ, who offers free pardon for sins.

The narrative in Luke 7:36-50 illustrates the profound nature of forgiveness, emphasizing that one's understanding of forgiveness directly correlates with their love for Christ. The woman who anointed Jesus understood her great debt was forgiven, leading her to exhibit deep love and gratitude towards Him. This principle is echoed in Ephesians 1:7, which states that we have redemption through His blood and the forgiveness of sins, demonstrating that acknowledgment of our sins and Christ's grace incites a heartfelt response of love and devotion.

Luke 7:36-50, Ephesians 1:7

How do we know that salvation is by grace alone?

Salvation is a gift of grace, as taught throughout Scripture, highlighting that we can do nothing to earn it.

The doctrine of salvation by grace alone is foundational in Reformed theology, underscored in passages such as Ephesians 2:8-9, which states that it is by grace we are saved through faith, not by our own works. This is reflected in the story of the sinful woman in Luke 7, who, having been much forgiven, demonstrated that her love for Christ stemmed from her recognition of His grace. This grace frees us from the bondage of sin and empowers us to live in obedience, not as a means to earn favor but as a response to the love and forgiveness we have already received.

Ephesians 2:8-9, Luke 7:36-50

Why is love important for Christians?

Love is essential for Christians as it reflects our gratitude to Christ and motivates our good works.

Love is not merely an emotion; it is a central tenet of the Christian faith that drives our actions and obedience to Christ. In Luke 7:37-38, the sinful woman’s profound love for Jesus is a response to her understanding of His forgiveness. J.C. Ryle emphasizes that without a heart engaged in love for Christ, our obedience may falter. True love inspires us to serve and honor Christ, as seen in the push for more good works among believers. Hence, love serves as the driving force behind genuine Christian living, aligning our actions with Christ's commands and demonstrating our commitment to Him.

Luke 7:37-38, 1 John 4:19

What is the relationship between faith and works?

Faith must precede works; true faith produces good works as its natural outcome.

The relationship between faith and works is a critical aspect of the Christian walk, particularly in Reformed theology. James 2:17 states that faith without works is dead, reiterating that genuine faith will necessarily manifest itself in good works. The account of the woman who anoints Jesus in Luke 7 exemplifies this principle; her works of love and devotion were the fruits of her newfound faith in Christ's forgiveness. We must understand that our good works do not earn salvation but are instead a response to the grace that has already been bestowed upon us. Thus, faith and works are interlinked, with faith laying the foundation for a life marked by obedience and good deeds.

James 2:17, Luke 7:36-50

    JESUS ANOINTED BY A SINFUL WOMAN.

    The deeply interesting narrative contained in these verses, is only found in the Gospel of Luke. In order to see the full beauty of the story, we should read, in connection with it, the eleventh chapter of Matthew. We shall then discover the striking fact, that the woman whose conduct is here recorded, most likely owed her conversion to the well-known words, "Come unto me all you that labor and are heavy-laden, and I will give you rest." That wondrous invitation, in all human probability, was the saving of her soul, and gave her that sense of peace for which we see her so grateful. A full offer of free pardon is generally God's chosen instrument for bringing the chief of sinners to repentance.

    We see in this passage that men may show some outward respect to Christ, and yet remain unconverted. The Pharisee before us is a case in point. He showed our Lord Jesus Christ more respect than many did. He even "desired Him that He would eat with him." Yet all this time he was profoundly ignorant of the nature of Christ's Gospel. His proud heart secretly revolted at the sight of a poor contrite sinner being allowed to wash our Lord's feet. And even the hospitality he showed appears to have been cold and niggardly. Our Lord Himself says, "You gave me no water for my feet; you gave me no kiss; my head with oil you did not anoint." In short, in all that the Pharisee did, there was one great defect. There was outward civility, but there was no heart-love.

    We shall do well to remember the case of this Pharisee. It is quite possible to have a decent form of religion, and yet to know nothing of the Gospel of Christ—to treat Christianity with respect, and yet to be utterly blind about its cardinal doctrines—to behave with great correctness and propriety at Church, and yet to hate justification by faith, and salvation by grace, with a deadly hatred. Do we really feel affection toward the Lord Jesus? Can we say, "Lord, you know all things, you know that I love you?" Have we cordially embraced His whole Gospel? Are we willing to enter heaven side by side with the chief of sinners, and to owe all our hopes to free grace? These are questions which we ought to consider. If we cannot answer them satisfactorily, we are in no respect better than Simon the Pharisee; and our Lord might say to us, "I have something to tell you."

    We see, in the next place, in this passage, that grateful love is the secret of doing much for Christ. The penitent woman, in the story before us, showed far more honor to our Lord than the Pharisee had done. She "stood at His feet behind Him weeping." She "washed His feet with tears." She "wiped them with the hair of her head." She "kissed His feet, and anointed them with costly ointment." No stronger proofs of reverence and respect could she have given, and the secret of her giving such proofs, was love. She loved our Lord, and she thought nothing too much to do for Him. She felt deeply grateful to our Lord, and she thought no mark of gratitude too costly to bestow on Him.

    More "doing" for Christ is the universal demand of all the Churches. It is the one point on which all are agreed. All desire to see among Christians, more good works, more self-denial, more practical obedience to Christ's commands. But what will produce these things? Nothing, nothing but love. There never will be more done for Christ until there is more hearty love to Christ Himself. The fear of punishment, the desire of reward, the sense of duty, are all useful arguments, in their way, to persuade men to holiness. But they are all weak and powerless, until a man loves Christ. Once let that mighty principle get hold of a man, and you will see his whole life changed.

    Let us never forget this. However much the world may sneer at "feelings" in religion, and however false or unhealthy religious feelings may sometimes be, the great truth still remains behind, that feeling is the secret of doing. The heart must be engaged for Christ, or the hands will soon hang down. The affections must be enlisted into His service, or our obedience will soon stand still. It will always be the loving workman who will do most in the Lord's vineyard.

    We see, lastly, in this passage, that a sense of having our sins forgiven is the mainspring and life-blood of love to Christ. This, beyond doubt, was the lesson which our Lord wished Simon the Pharisee to learn, when He told him the story of the two debtors. "One owed his creditor five hundred pence, and the other fifty." Both had "nothing to pay," and both were forgiven freely. And then came the searching question—"Which of them will love him most?" Here was the true explanation, our Lord told Simon, of the deep love which the penitent woman before Him had displayed. Her many tears, her deep affection, her public reverence, her action in anointing His feet, were all traceable to one cause. She had been much forgiven, and so she loved much.

    Her love was the effect of her forgiveness—not the cause—the consequence of her forgiveness, not the condition, the result of her forgiveness, not the reason—the fruit of her forgiveness, not the root. Would the Pharisee know why this woman showed so much love? It was because she felt much forgiven. Would he know why he himself had shown his guest so little love? It was because he felt under no obligation—had no consciousness of having obtained forgiveness—had no sense of debt to Christ.

    Forever let the mighty principle laid down by our Lord in this passage, abide in our memories, and sink down into our hearts. It is one of the great corner- stones of the whole Gospel. It is one of the master-keys to unlock the secrets of the kingdom of God. The only way to make men holy, is to teach and preach free and full forgiveness through Jesus Christ. The secret of being holy ourselves, is to know and feel that Christ has pardoned our sins. Peace with God is the only root that will bear the fruit of holiness.

    Forgiveness must go before sanctification. We shall do nothing until we are reconciled to God. This is the first step in religion. We must work from life,

    and not for life. Our best works before we are justified are little better than SPLENDID SINS. We must live by faith in the Son of God, and then, and not until then, we shall walk in His ways. The heart which has experienced the pardoning love of Christ, is the heart which loves Christ, and strives to glorify Him.

    Let us leave the passage with a deep sense of our Lord Jesus Christ's amazing mercy and compassion to the chief of sinners. Let us see in his kindness to the woman, of whom we have been reading, an encouragement to any one, however bad he may be, to come to Him for pardon and forgiveness. That word of His shall never be broken, "Him that comes unto me I will in no wise cast out." Never, never need any one despair of salvation, if he will only come to Christ.

    Let us ask ourselves, in conclusion, What we are doing for Christ's glory? What kind of lives are we living? What proof are we making of our love to Him which loved us, and died for our sins? These are serious questions. If we cannot answer them satisfactorily, we may well doubt whether we are forgiven. The hope of forgiveness which is not accompanied by love in the life is no hope at all. The man whose sins are really cleansed away will always show by his ways that he loves the Savior who cleansed them.

Extracted from Expository Thoughts on Luke by J.C. Ryle. Download the complete book.
J.C. Ryle

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