What does it mean to be 'dead in trespasses and sins'?

The phrase 'dead in trespasses and sins' from Ephesians 2:1 reflects the spiritual condition of humanity post-Fall. It signifies total depravity, where individuals are incapable of achieving righteousness or seeking God on their own. This deadness affects both the heart and mind, making them slaves to sin, as described in Romans 6. However, this is precisely where God's grace intervenes as Ephesians 2:4-5 continues to explain that 'God, being rich in mercy, made us alive together with Christ.' Thus, it affirms the necessity of divine regeneration for salvation.