In Caleb Hickman's sermon titled "Two Mountains (Part 1)," he explores the theological distinctions between the old covenant represented by Mount Sinai and the new covenant represented by Mount Zion, as discussed in Hebrews 12:18-24. Hickman argues that the old covenant, characterized by law and works, is fraught with judgment and death, while the new covenant offers grace and salvation through Christ alone, who fulfilled the law perfectly. He emphasizes that no one was saved under the old covenant because it merely exposes humanity's sinfulness and need for a Savior. Key Scripture references include Exodus 19, which portrays Mount Sinai's dreadful nature, and Hebrews 12, affirming that believers have come to Mount Zion—an eternal and perfect covenant full of grace. The practical significance lies in encouraging believers to rest in Christ’s completed work rather than revert to a legalistic mindset that leads to condemnation and spiritual death.
Key Quotes
“If we go to Mount Sinai for salvation, we will always die. Period. Nobody is ever, nobody was saved because of Mount Sinai.”
“Mount Zion... represents life and light and joy and peace with God. And this is what Christ hath wrought, all by himself, by his own blood.”
“Whatever you do, look to Christ. Look to Him. You want to be fulfilled, look to Christ. You want to be perfect, look to Christ. You want to be in fellowship with God, look to His Son.”
“Don't go to Sinai, come to Christ. Don't move a muscle, come to Christ.”
The covenant of grace, established before time, secures salvation for God's elect through Christ's finished work.
The covenant of grace is a central tenet in Reformed theology, emphasizing that salvation is not based on human works but solely on God's sovereign choice. It was ordained before time, ensuring the election of God's people and fulfilling the promise of salvation through the life and death of Jesus Christ. Unlike the covenant of works, which demands perfect obedience, the covenant of grace underscores reliance on Christ's righteousness rather than our own, affirming that salvation is a gift freely given to the elect. Scripture teaches this foundational doctrine, highlighting passages like Ephesians 1:4-5, which illustrates God's choice of His people before the foundation of the world.
Ephesians 1:4-5, Romans 8:29-30
Christ's sacrifice is sufficient as it fully satisfies God's justice and secures the salvation of all His elect.
The sufficiency of Christ's sacrifice is rooted in its divine authority and the fulfillment of God's plan for redemption. According to Hebrews, Christ's death is the completion of the covenant of grace, as it wholly satisfies the demands of the law and God's holiness. The blood of Christ, as the ultimate sacrifice, speaks better things than that of Abel, indicating that it is perfect and complete in its efficacy. In essence, no further sacrifice is required, as Christ bore the penalty for sin on behalf of His people, ensuring their eternal security. This assurance is supported by references such as Hebrews 10:10 and Romans 5:8, affirming that His work on the cross fully atoned for the sins of the elect and that all who trust in Him are declared righteous.
Hebrews 10:10, Romans 5:8
Understanding the difference highlights the contrast between law and grace, emphasizing that salvation is through Christ alone.
The distinction between Mount Sinai and Mount Zion serves as a metaphor for the two covenants: the old covenant of law and the new covenant of grace. Mount Sinai represents the law, which brings condemnation and showcases our inability to meet God's righteous standards. In contrast, Mount Zion symbolizes the place of grace and the fulfillment in Christ, who alone can provide salvation. This understanding is crucial for believers, as it liberates them from the burdens of legalism and self-righteousness. It reminds Christians that their standing before God is based solely on faith in Christ's finished work rather than their own merits or adherence to the law, reaffirming the core Reformed principle of justification by faith alone.
Hebrews 12:18-24, Galatians 2:16
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