How do we know that the Holy Spirit plays a role in the incarnation?

In addressing Mary’s question about how she would conceive without knowing a man, the angel Gabriel states, 'The Holy Spirit shall come upon you.' This emphasizes the Holy Spirit’s active and divine role in the incarnation. The Spirit's involvement is not limited to this event; rather, it encapsulates His continual work in the redemptive process, including the conception of Jesus. This moment marks the beginning of God’s plan to redeem humanity, illustrating the Spirit’s essential contribution to the work of salvation.

The Holy Spirit is also significant throughout Scripture in various aspects of redemption. From Jesus’ atoning death (Hebrews 9:14) to His resurrection (1 Peter 3:18), and the provision of comfort to believers (John 14:17), the Spirit’s roles are intertwined with the work of Christ and the Father. This direct reference illustrates that all parts of the Trinity are involved in God’s salvific plan, highlighting the need for the Holy Spirit in understanding the Incarnation fully.