What is the difference between shadows and the reality of Christ?

Shadows, as explained in Hebrews 10, represent the insufficient means of approaching God—primarily through the old law and sacrifices—which can never fully cleanse sin or perfect the worshiper. In contrast, Christ is the reality and fulfillment of all that the shadows point toward; He is the substance that brings salvation and satisfaction to God's justice. Emphasizing this distinction calls Christians to forsake reliance on their works or the law and to embrace Christ alone, who provides the ultimate assurance of salvation through His accomplished work on the cross.