What does it mean to be called a 'dog' in Scripture?

The use of the term 'dog' in the biblical context primarily symbolizes the idea of being unclean or outside the covenant community of Israel. In Matthew 15, when Jesus refers to the Canaanite woman as a dog, it underscores her position as a Gentile, illustrating the prevailing attitudes of the time. However, this encounter also reveals that Jesus came not only for the Jews but also for the Gentiles, representing His mission to save all who would believe in Him. The woman's response—acknowledging her unworthiness while still seeking mercy—demonstrates a crucial aspect of faith: the recognition of one's need before God. By understanding this uncomfortable label, believers can appreciate the depths of God's grace as He extends His mercy even to those labeled 'unclean.'