How do we know that Christ's death was voluntary?

The doctrine of Christ's voluntary death is rooted in his deliberate choice to endure suffering for our sake. In John 10:18, Jesus asserts, 'I have power to lay it down, and I have power to take it again.' This reflects a clear affirmation of his agency and intent. Furthermore, throughout the gospels, we observe his conscious decision-making reflected in his refusal of pain-numbing substances at the crucifixion (Matthew 27:34, Mark 15:23). By denying this offered drink, He indicated his resolve to fully experience the weight of our sin. His consent to die was not imposed by any human authority; rather, it was motivated by love for his people, fulfilling the redemptive plan of God. Thus, his death was both a sacrificial act of obedience and an expression of his profound love.