The Bible teaches that natural man is dead in trespasses and sins, unable to seek God without divine intervention.
According to Scripture, humanity's natural state is one of spiritual deadness, as stated in Ephesians 2:1, where it describes individuals as dead in trespasses and sins. This signifies that apart from God's grace, no one understands or seeks after God (Romans 3:11). The doctrine of total depravity underscores that man's will is bound by sin, requiring regeneration by the Holy Spirit to enable the ability and willingness to come to Christ. Hence, Ephesians 2:8-9 emphasizes that salvation is by grace through faith, not of ourselves, asserting that even our belief is a gift from God, which is inconsistent with the idea of free will in the context of salvation.
Ephesians 2:1, Romans 3:11, Ephesians 2:8-9
Regeneration by the Holy Spirit is necessary for faith, as Scripture explains that one must be born again to see the kingdom of God.
John 3:3 reveals the necessity of being 'born again' to see the kingdom of God, highlighting that spiritual life must precede faith. This is demonstrated when Jesus converses with Nicodemus, showing that without divine action, individuals remain blind to spiritual truths. Furthermore, John 1:13 clarifies that those who believe are 'born not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God.' This indicates that faith itself is not a product of human decision or effort, but a result of God's sovereign initiative in regeneration, confirming the critical importance of this doctrine in the Reformed faith.
John 3:3, John 1:13
Divine grace is essential because only through the Holy Spirit's work can individuals desire and seek God.
Scripture makes it clear that approaching God is not within the capability of the unregenerate individual. The natural state of man is described as having their understanding darkened and being alienated from the life of God (Ephesians 4:18). Therefore, divine grace is necessary to overcome this blindness and spiritual deadness. John 6:44 states that no one can come to Christ unless drawn by the Father, indicating that it is the Holy Spirit who awakens the heart to want to seek God. This divine initiative is a testament to God's sovereignty in salvation, showcasing that it is not by human effort but grace that people can come to Him.
Ephesians 4:18, John 6:44
'Whosoever will' signifies that those enabled by God's Spirit can freely come to Christ for salvation.
'Whosoever will' is often misinterpreted as an affirmation of human free will in salvation; however, in a sovereign grace context, it denotes that all who are drawn by God are welcomed to come. The grace of God makes some willing in the day of His power (Psalm 110:3), allowing them to acknowledge their thirst for righteousness and to partake of the water of life freely offered in Revelation 22:17. The invitation extends to all who are called according to His purpose, reinforcing that it is God's initiative that leads individuals to salvation, not human decision. Thus, while the offer is broad, the actual coming to Christ is conditioned on God's sovereign grace working in the hearts of sinners.
Psalm 110:3, Revelation 22:17
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