How do the Five Solas distinguish Protestant faith from Roman Catholicism?

The Five Solas of the Reformation—sola scriptura (Scripture alone), sola fide (faith alone), sola gratia (grace alone), solus Christus (Christ alone), and soli Deo gloria (glory to God alone)—serve as critical distinctions between Protestantism and Roman Catholicism. These principles assert that the Bible is the sole authority for faith and practice, that salvation is attained through faith and grace apart from works, and that Christ is the only mediator between God and man. In contrast, Roman Catholic teachings introduce a reliance on church traditions, the authority of the Pope, and sacramental systems for salvation. This foundational difference emphasizes the sufficiency of Christ's atoning work and the necessity of receiving salvation solely through faith, aligning with the Reformation's goal to return to biblical truths.