How do we know Christ is represented by the rock in Numbers 20?

The identification of the rock in Numbers 20 as a type of Christ is supported by its mention in the New Testament, specifically in 1 Corinthians 10:4. Paul refers to the rock as 'that spiritual Rock that followed them,' indicating that the experiences of Israel, including the smiting of the rock, were precursors to greater spiritual truths found in Christ. This typology is further reinforced by how the rock provided water for a thirsty people, paralleling Christ’s provision of living water, as seen in John 4:14, where Jesus offers eternal life to those who believe in Him. Thus, both the Old Testament account and its New Testament interpretation affirm Christ as the fulfillment of the rock typology.