How do we know David was favored by God?

David's favor is evident not only in his ability to defeat the giant Goliath, which is attributed to God's power but also in the immediate acceptance and love he receives from Jonathan and the people's admiration for him. In 1 Samuel 18, Jonathan's covenant with David signifies a bond created under divine favor. God’s hand upon David is a reminder that favor from men, including that of kings, is ultimately orchestrated by the Lord. This is illustrated by the proverb that reminds us the heart of the king is in the hand of the Lord, emphasizing God's sovereignty over human affairs.