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How do we know that Adam represents all humanity?

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Adam represents all humanity as he stands as the federal head, as explained in Romans 5:12-19.

In Romans 5:12-19, the Apostle Paul elaborates on the doctrine of federal headship, illustrating how Adam, as one man, introduced sin to the whole human race. The text indicates that 'by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin,' affirming that all men are accountable for Adam's transgression because he was their representative. This concept is foundational for understanding both the Fall and the necessity of Christ's redemptive work, as all humanity is viewed as being either in Adam, under condemnation, or in Christ, under grace. Therefore, Adam's representation of humanity is critical for comprehending our inherited sinful nature and our need for salvation through the last Adam, Jesus Christ.
Scripture References: Romans 5:12-19

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