How do we know that Christ's redemption is specific and not universal?

We understand that Christ's redemption is specific through various scriptural teachings and typologies. For instance, the sacrifices in the Old Testament foreshadowed Christ’s work, which was never for all but specific to God's chosen people. Hebrews 10 illustrates how the blood of Christ was sufficient to perfect forever those who are sanctified. Additionally, Jesus’ high priestly prayer emphasizes this specificity: He prayed, 'I pray not for the world, but for them which thou hast given me' (John 17:9). This indicates that His atoning work was tailored for His elect rather than being a blanket provision for all humanity without distinction.