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How do we know that Christ's sacrifice was penal?

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Christ's sacrifice was penal, as He bore our sins and faced the punishment intended for us, acting as our substitute.

The penal nature of Christ's sacrifice is evident in 1 Peter 2:24, which says He bore our sins in His body upon the cross. This phrase delineates that His death was not just a tragic occurrence but rather a penal sacrifice where the punishment for our sins was imputed to Him. The connection to Deuteronomy 21:22-23 reinforces this idea, where being hanged on a tree symbolized being cursed by God, indicating that Christ took upon Himself the full weight of divine punishment that our sins deserved. This principle carries through to Galatians 3:13, underscoring that Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us. Thus, His death was indeed a penal sacrifice intended for our reconciliation with God.
Scripture References: 1 Peter 2:24, Deuteronomy 21:22-23, Galatians 3:13

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