How do we know that God is sovereign over nations?

Throughout the scriptures, we see evidence of God's sovereignty over nations, particularly in His dealings with Israel. In 1 Samuel 5, God uses the Philistines not only to discipline His people for their disobedience but also to fulfill His divine purpose. The Philistines, believing they had triumphed, were merely tools in the hands of God, fulfilling His plan to correct Israel. This principle is evident in other scripture passages, where nations rise and fall according to God's will and purpose. It shows that even when rebellious nations appear to prosper, it is ultimately under God's sovereign plan for the sake of His elect. The scriptures affirm this in Romans 8:28, where Paul writes that all things work together for good to those who love God, showing His overarching control across history and nations.