How do we know that God predestines some for mercy and others for destruction?

In Romans 9:22-23, Paul illustrates God's sovereign authority over creation by explaining that He endures vessels of wrath fitted for destruction, intending to make known the riches of His glory on the vessels of mercy. This illustrates a divine plan where God's sovereignty is atop everything that comes to pass. The distinction between vessels of mercy and vessels of wrath is not based on merit but on God's purpose and grace. The concept of predestination overall emphasizes that God, in His wisdom, preordained certain individuals to display His glory through salvation, while others remain under His righteous judgment. This doctrine encourages believers to see God's hand in salvation and all of creation, recognizing that it's ultimately for His glory.