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How do we know that God shows mercy to some and hardens others?

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According to Romans 9:18, God demonstrates His sovereignty by having mercy on whom He will and hardening whom He will.

The Apostle Paul asserts in Romans 9:18 that God has absolute authority over mercy and judgment. This means that God can choose to show mercy to certain individuals while hardening the hearts of others, like Pharaoh. The hardening of Pharaoh's heart serves to highlight God's power and sovereignty in executing justice and mercy. It's important to understand that this hardening doesn't negate the sinner's responsibility; humans naturally rebel against God due to their sinful nature. When God hardens hearts, it’s often through the means of leaving individuals to their own devices or denying them the grace that could soften their hearts.
Scripture References: Romans 9:18, Exodus 9:16

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