How do we know that regeneration can occur without the Gospel?

The doctrine of immediate regeneration, whereby the Holy Spirit can work independently of the Word, is supported by several biblical passages. Romans 1:16 clarifies that the Gospel is the power of God unto salvation for those who believe, indicating that belief follows regeneration. If hearing the Gospel were a prerequisite for regeneration, it would pose problems for those incapable of hearing, such as infants or the mentally disabled, suggesting that they could not be elect. However, Scripture provides assurance that God’s grace can operate outside of human boundaries, as seen in the nature of His sovereign election and the ability of the Spirit to bring about new life in any of His chosen ones.