How do we know the Holy Spirit indwells believers?

The Holy Spirit's indwelling is evidenced by the change in a believer's nature and desires. When a sinner is born again, the Holy Spirit provides spiritual life, enabling them to understand God’s Word and flee from sin. The Spirit convicts of sin and righteousness and instills a longing for obedience to God. As confirmed in Ephesians 2:10, believers are created in Christ Jesus for good works, illustrating the active presence of the Holy Spirit in their lives, guiding them away from fleshly desires and towards godly living.