How does Christ's work reverse the impact of Adam's sin?

In Romans 5, the apostle Paul clarifies that while Adam's disobedience resulted in condemnation for all, the obedience of Christ brings justification and life. As stated in Romans 5:19, 'for as by one man’s disobedience many were made sinners, so by the obedience of one shall many be made righteous.' The substitutionary atonement of Christ is central to Reformed theology; it signifies that through His perfect life and sacrificial death, He accomplished what we could not—fully satisfying the demands of the law and restoring our relationship with God. This underscores the grace that abounds where sin once reigned (Romans 5:21), showing that Christ’s redeeming work not only counters Adam’s sin but also provides believers with a new identity in Him, characterized by righteousness and eternal life.