How does God use adversity to shape His people?

Throughout scripture, adversity is often used by God as a tool for growth and spiritual refinement. In the case of David, after his grievous sin, Nathan the prophet reminds him of God's chastening hand and how it serves to keep David humble and aware of his need for grace. The trials David faced after his sin—including the death of his child—were not punitive in cruelty but salvific in nature, meant to draw him closer to God. This theme is echoed in Hebrews 12:6, where discipline is a mark of sonship, indicating that God loves His children enough to correct them. Hence, adversity becomes an avenue through which God shapes character and fortifies faithfulness, ultimately pointing toward His redemptive purposes.