How does justification differ from sanctification?

Justification and sanctification, though closely related, represent two distinct aspects of salvation. Justification is a judicial act of God whereby He declares a sinner righteous based on faith in Christ (Romans 3:28). It is a one-time event that occurs when an individual believes in the Gospel, and they are seen as righteous before God due to Christ’s imputed righteousness. In contrast, sanctification is an ongoing process where the believer is made holy through the work of the Holy Spirit, enhancing their character and conduct to reflect Christ's image (2 Corinthians 3:18). While justification secures a believer's standing before God, sanctification concerns their practical life and growth in grace.