What does it mean that man is spiritually dead without Christ?

Spiritual death refers to humanity's natural state of separation from God due to sin. Ephesians 2:1 states, 'And you hath he quickened, who were dead in trespasses and sins.' This condition implies that individuals are unable to seek or choose God in their own strength because sin has blinded them to the truth of the gospel. Without divine intervention, represented by God's grace, individuals remain in this state of death, unable to respond to the gospel. In reformed theology, this highlights the necessity of regeneration by the Holy Spirit, where God awakens the dead heart, enabling belief and repentance that lead to salvation. Only by recognizing their spiritual deadness can individuals appreciate the profound grace extended to them through Christ.