What does it mean to be born again in Christian theology?

In Christian theology, being born again signifies a transformation that occurs through the Holy Spirit, as Jesus explained to Nicodemus in John 3:3. This rebirth is not a physical change but a spiritual awakening that grants individuals the ability to perceive God and the truths of Scripture. The need for regeneration is emphasized in 1 Corinthians 2:14, which states that natural man cannot understand the things of God, highlighting the necessity of divine intervention. The new birth results in a transformed heart and a new will, enabling the believer to respond to God's call with faith. In the context of Reformed thought, this underscores the initiative of God in salvation, as it is only through His grace that one can come to faith and repentance.