What does Romans 2:28-29 teach about being a true Jew?

Romans 2:28-29 emphasizes that being a true Jew is not about physical descent or outward signs such as circumcision but about an inward transformation. The apostle Paul points out that a true Jew is one who has undergone spiritual circumcision—this is an operation of the heart, whereby a person is regenerated by the Holy Spirit. This change leads to a genuine relationship with God that transcends ethnic or cultural backgrounds, affirming that the essence of being part of God's people is rooted in faith and a transformed heart.