What does Romans 9 say about predestination?

Romans 9 extensively addresses the concept of predestination, demonstrating that it is rooted in God's sovereign choice. In verses 10-13, Paul explains that God's election is not based on works but on His calling, highlighting that He chose Jacob over Esau before either had done anything good or bad. This serves to illustrate that God’s plans are established by His sovereign will and purpose alone. Ultimately, the doctrine of predestination is not just a theological notion but a source of profound assurance for believers, affirming that their salvation is secure because it rests on God’s unchanging decree.