What does the Bible say about sorrow and joy?

According to John 16:20, Jesus assures His disciples that their sorrow will be turned into joy. He uses the analogy of a woman in labor to illustrate that just as a mother experiences pain during childbirth but forgets it once she sees her child, so too will the disciples experience temporary sorrow followed by the overwhelming joy of seeing the risen Christ. This transformation from sorrow to joy is rooted in the hope of salvation through Christ, as He has borne our sorrows and provides reconciliation with God (Isaiah 53:4).