What does the Bible say about spiritual birth and its relation to mothers?

In the context of spiritual birth, the Bible teaches that although Eve is the mother of all living in terms of physical existence, true spiritual life comes from above. Jesus emphasizes the necessity of being 'born again' in John 3:3. This spiritual rebirth is not produced by natural generation but is a work of the Holy Spirit, signifying a transformation from death to life. In Galatians 4:26, Paul refers to 'Jerusalem above' as our mother, implying that spiritual life comes through the new birth initiated by God's grace. Thus, while Eve signifies our physical origin, spiritual rebirth is exclusively a work of God, affirming the sovereignty of grace in salvation.