What does the Bible say about the doctrine of universal redemption?

The doctrine of universal redemption posits that Christ died for all people without exception. However, this belief fundamentally undermines the efficacy of Christ's atonement, suggesting that His sacrifice merely made salvation possible rather than actual. In Scripture, we see clearly that Christ died as a substitute for His elect—those whom God has chosen from before the foundation of the world. As stated in 2 Corinthians 5:21, 'He made Him to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in Him.' Thus, while Christ’s death is sufficient for all, it is efficient only for those who are redeemed and called according to God's sovereign grace.