What does the Bible say about the first and last Adam?

In Romans 5, Paul contrasts the first Adam with Christ, referred to as the last Adam. Adam represents humanity's fall into sin through his disobedience, which brought spiritual death. Conversely, Christ, having fulfilled God's law perfectly, offers redemption and life to those who believe in Him. This theological framework reveals the significance of headship: Adam's fall resulted in inherited sin and death, while Christ's obedience results in righteousness and eternal life for His people.