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What does the Bible say about the hardening of Pharaoh's heart?

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The Bible indicates that God Himself hardened Pharaoh's heart to demonstrate His sovereignty and glory.

The hardening of Pharaoh's heart is explicitly mentioned in Exodus, where God states, 'I will harden his heart' (Exodus 4:21). This hardening is part of God's sovereign plan to ensure the deliverance of His people, Israel, from Egyptian bondage and showcases God's glory through judgment against a wicked ruler. Throughout the book of Exodus, it is noted that God hardened Pharaoh's heart 16 times, while Pharaoh himself contributed to his own hardening three times, illustrating the complex interplay of divine sovereignty and human responsibility. This serves as a vivid portrayal of the human heart's enmity against God, highlighting the depth of rebellion within the unregenerate man.
Scripture References: Exodus 4:21, Romans 1:28, Ezekiel 11:19, Exodus 9:16, Exodus 9:12

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Joshua

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