What does the Bible say about the sin of Adam?

According to Romans 5:12-21, the Apostle Paul explains that through one man's sin, Adam, death entered the world, and as a result, all men became sinners. This doctrine highlights Adam as both a physical and covenant representative of all humanity. His original sin resulted in the imputation of guilt to all his descendants, indicating that death reigned over all because all have sinned. Therefore, the significance of Adam’s transgression is foundational to understanding human sinfulness and death's reign over mankind.