What does the elder son represent in the parable of the prodigal son?

In the parable, the elder son embodies the spirit of self-righteousness and legalism, feeling indignant when he sees the celebration for his brother's return (Luke 15:25-30). His reaction highlights a misunderstanding of grace, thinking that his years of service should merit special treatment. This serves to illustrate the attitude of the Pharisees and religious leaders who resented Jesus for associating with sinners. It underscores the danger of viewing oneself as worthy of God's favor through personal righteousness instead of recognizing our complete dependence on His mercy.